Hermann Kopetz, Vienna University of Technology
Tutorial at the ARTES Summer School, Sweden, August 23, 2007
Lecture 1: Clock Synchronization and Determinism
This lecture elaborates
on the role of real-time in a distributed embedded systems. Different
models of time, such as a dense time model and a sparse time model are
introduced and the implications of the model of time on the deterministic
behavior of a real-time system is discussed. Some fundamental limits of
time-measurement in distributed systems are established. The problems
and limits of clock synchronization, both internal and external, are
investigated and algorithms for the establishment of a fault-tolerant
time-base are presented. The recently introduced clock synchronization
standard of IEEE 1588 is covered.
Lecture 2: Fault Tolerance
This lecture covers the issues that
must be address in the planning and design of a fault-tolerant embedded
system. After a classification of failures and faults, the contents of
the fault-hypothesis, that specifies the types an number of faults the
planned system is to tolerate, is discussed. Different mechanisms to
achieve fault tolerance, in particular triple modular redundancy (TMR)
are introduced. The problem of replica determinism and its implication on
the design of a fault-tolerant systems is investigated. The validation of
fault-tolerant systems by fault injection is covered.
Lecture 3: System Design
The focus of this lecture is on the model-based
design of a large embedded system. First, the decomposition of the system
into a set of nearly independent distributed applications subsystems
(DASes) is discussed. In a second step a platform independent model
(PIM) of each DAS is introduced. This PIM covers the functionality and
timing of a DAS from the application¢s point of view and should be
agnostic of the future implementation technology. Special emphasis is
placed on the specification of component interfaces, both in the domains
of time and value. In a final step the PSMs (platform specific model)
are derived from the PSMs and the integration of the DAS-PSMs is
performed.
Biography: Hermann Kopetz received his PhD in physics "sub
auspiciis praesidentis" from the University of Vienna, Austria in
1968. After some years in industry he joined the TU Berlin in 1978 and
moved to TU Vienna in 1982. Dr Kopetz has published a widely used
textbook on Real-Time Systems and more than 150 papers on the topic of
dependable embedded systems. Dr. Kopetz is a Fellow of the IEEE, a full
member of the Austrian Academy of Science, and a recipient of the IEEE
Computer Society 2003 Technical Achievement Award with the citation: For
outstanding contributions to the field of safety-critical real-time
computing. In 2006 Dr. Kopetz chaired the ARTEMIS Strategic Research
Expert Group on Reference Designs and Architecture.
Dr. Kopetz' research interests focus at the intersection of real-time
systems, fault-tolerant systems, and distributed systems. He is the chief
architect of the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) for distributed
fault-tolerant real-time systems, which evolved out of the MARS project
at the Technical University of Vienna. In the last few years, Dr. Kopetz
and his research group work in the field of automotive electronics. He is
presently involved in two large European ESPRIT projects where his
pioneering work on time-triggered architectures is being transferred to
the automotive industry.
